Adverbs, Gerunds, Participles
2024-01-13
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1Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from an English learner named Sidra.
2I want to know the difference between adverb[s] of frequency and degree and...between participle[s] and gerunds.
3Thank you for writing, Sidra.
4First, let's answer your question about adverbs.
5Different adverbs show different kinds of information.
6Adverbs of time tell us four things: when, how long, how often, and relationship in time.
7When something takes place.
8For example:
9I finished the project yesterday.
10How long something lasts, or duration.
11The class seemed to last forever.
12Frequency, or how often something happens.
13Sometimes I skip breakfast.
14And, the relationship of two things in time.
15He still has my laptop.
16Adverbs of degree answer the questions "How much/many?" or "To what extent?" For example,
17She's staying with us for a bit.
18We're fairly certain it's a good idea.
19Degree adverbs can also demonstrate intensity.
20Some show high intensity.
21These kinds of adverbs are known as amplifiers.
22The food was completely gone.
23Others show low intensity, called diminishers.
24I'm almost finished with the book.
25So, adverbs of frequency tell how often, and adverbs of degree tell how much or to what extent.
26Now for the second question - the difference between participles and gerunds.
27We know that verbs can end in -ing.
28Participles and gerunds are also words that end in -ing. Let's look at the differences.
29When a verb ends in -ing, it is the progressive or continuous aspect.
30That means the event is incomplete or temporary.
31We are listening to the podcast.
32She was studying at the library.
33Gerunds also have an -ing ending, but they do not act like verbs.
34A gerund is a noun.
35This means it can be the subject or object of a sentence. For example:
36Listening to music is my favorite hobby.
37She loves running.
38Participles have an -ing ending, too.
39They also do not act as verbs.
40A participle is an adjective.
41We usually use a participle when we are describing an experience that makes us feel certain emotions. For example:
42Her answer was surprising.
43In this sentence, the participle "surprising" describes how you feel about "her answer."
44Some other words that are often used as participles are amazing, boring, calming, exciting, and worrying.
45Please let us know if this explanation has helped you, Sidra.
46Do you have a question about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com.
47And that's Ask a Teacher.
48I'm Gena Bennett.
1Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from an English learner named Sidra. 2Sidra asks: 3I want to know the difference between adverb[s] of frequency and degree and...between participle[s] and gerunds. 4Answer: 5Thank you for writing, Sidra. First, let's answer your question about adverbs. 6Adverbs 7Different adverbs show different kinds of information. 8Adverbs of time tell us four things: when, how long, how often, and relationship in time. 9When something takes place. For example: 10I finished the project yesterday. 11How long something lasts, or duration. 12The class seemed to last forever. 13Frequency, or how often something happens. 14Sometimes I skip breakfast. 15And, the relationship of two things in time. 16He still has my laptop. 17Adverbs of degree answer the questions "How much/many?" or "To what extent?" For example, 18She's staying with us for a bit. 19We're fairly certain it's a good idea. 20Degree adverbs can also demonstrate intensity. Some show high intensity. These kinds of adverbs are known as amplifiers. 21The food was completely gone. 22Others show low intensity, called diminishers. 23I'm almost finished with the book. 24So, adverbs of frequency tell how often, and adverbs of degree tell how much or to what extent. 25Now for the second question - the difference between participles and gerunds. 26Participles and gerunds 27We know that verbs can end in -ing. Participles and gerunds are also words that end in -ing. Let's look at the differences. 28When a verb ends in -ing, it is the progressive or continuous aspect. That means the event is incomplete or temporary. 29We are listening to the podcast. 30She was studying at the library. 31Gerunds also have an -ing ending, but they do not act like verbs. A gerund is a noun. This means it can be the subject or object of a sentence. For example: 32Listening to music is my favorite hobby. 33She loves running. 34Participles have an -ing ending, too. They also do not act as verbs. A participle is an adjective. We usually use a participle when we are describing an experience that makes us feel certain emotions. For example: 35Her answer was surprising. 36In this sentence, the participle "surprising" describes how you feel about "her answer." 37Some other words that are often used as participles are amazing, boring, calming, exciting, and worrying. 38Please let us know if this explanation has helped you, Sidra. 39Do you have a question about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com. 40And that's Ask a Teacher. 41I'm Gena Bennett. 42Gena Bennett wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English. 43_______________________________________________ 44Words in This Story 45a bit-adv. a little, a small amount 46extent-n. the size or amount of something; how much it covers