Adverbs, Gerunds, Participles

2024-01-13

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1
  • Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from an English learner named Sidra.
  • 2
  • I want to know the difference between adverb[s] of frequency and degree and...between participle[s] and gerunds.
  • 3
  • Thank you for writing, Sidra.
  • 4
  • First, let's answer your question about adverbs.
  • 5
  • Different adverbs show different kinds of information.
  • 6
  • Adverbs of time tell us four things: when, how long, how often, and relationship in time.
  • 7
  • When something takes place.
  • 8
  • For example:
  • 9
  • I finished the project yesterday.
  • 10
  • How long something lasts, or duration.
  • 11
  • The class seemed to last forever.
  • 12
  • Frequency, or how often something happens.
  • 13
  • Sometimes I skip breakfast.
  • 14
  • And, the relationship of two things in time.
  • 15
  • He still has my laptop.
  • 16
  • Adverbs of degree answer the questions "How much/many?" or "To what extent?" For example,
  • 17
  • She's staying with us for a bit.
  • 18
  • We're fairly certain it's a good idea.
  • 19
  • Degree adverbs can also demonstrate intensity.
  • 20
  • Some show high intensity.
  • 21
  • These kinds of adverbs are known as amplifiers.
  • 22
  • The food was completely gone.
  • 23
  • Others show low intensity, called diminishers.
  • 24
  • I'm almost finished with the book.
  • 25
  • So, adverbs of frequency tell how often, and adverbs of degree tell how much or to what extent.
  • 26
  • Now for the second question - the difference between participles and gerunds.
  • 27
  • We know that verbs can end in -ing.
  • 28
  • Participles and gerunds are also words that end in -ing. Let's look at the differences.
  • 29
  • When a verb ends in -ing, it is the progressive or continuous aspect.
  • 30
  • That means the event is incomplete or temporary.
  • 31
  • We are listening to the podcast.
  • 32
  • She was studying at the library.
  • 33
  • Gerunds also have an -ing ending, but they do not act like verbs.
  • 34
  • A gerund is a noun.
  • 35
  • This means it can be the subject or object of a sentence. For example:
  • 36
  • Listening to music is my favorite hobby.
  • 37
  • She loves running.
  • 38
  • Participles have an -ing ending, too.
  • 39
  • They also do not act as verbs.
  • 40
  • A participle is an adjective.
  • 41
  • We usually use a participle when we are describing an experience that makes us feel certain emotions. For example:
  • 42
  • Her answer was surprising.
  • 43
  • In this sentence, the participle "surprising" describes how you feel about "her answer."
  • 44
  • Some other words that are often used as participles are amazing, boring, calming, exciting, and worrying.
  • 45
  • Please let us know if this explanation has helped you, Sidra.
  • 46
  • Do you have a question about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com.
  • 47
  • And that's Ask a Teacher.
  • 48
  • I'm Gena Bennett.
  • 1
  • Hello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from an English learner named Sidra.
  • 2
  • Sidra asks:
  • 3
  • I want to know the difference between adverb[s] of frequency and degree and...between participle[s] and gerunds.
  • 4
  • Answer:
  • 5
  • Thank you for writing, Sidra. First, let's answer your question about adverbs.
  • 6
  • Adverbs
  • 7
  • Different adverbs show different kinds of information.
  • 8
  • Adverbs of time tell us four things: when, how long, how often, and relationship in time.
  • 9
  • When something takes place. For example:
  • 10
  • I finished the project yesterday.
  • 11
  • How long something lasts, or duration.
  • 12
  • The class seemed to last forever.
  • 13
  • Frequency, or how often something happens.
  • 14
  • Sometimes I skip breakfast.
  • 15
  • And, the relationship of two things in time.
  • 16
  • He still has my laptop.
  • 17
  • Adverbs of degree answer the questions "How much/many?" or "To what extent?" For example,
  • 18
  • She's staying with us for a bit.
  • 19
  • We're fairly certain it's a good idea.
  • 20
  • Degree adverbs can also demonstrate intensity. Some show high intensity. These kinds of adverbs are known as amplifiers.
  • 21
  • The food was completely gone.
  • 22
  • Others show low intensity, called diminishers.
  • 23
  • I'm almost finished with the book.
  • 24
  • So, adverbs of frequency tell how often, and adverbs of degree tell how much or to what extent.
  • 25
  • Now for the second question - the difference between participles and gerunds.
  • 26
  • Participles and gerunds
  • 27
  • We know that verbs can end in -ing. Participles and gerunds are also words that end in -ing. Let's look at the differences.
  • 28
  • When a verb ends in -ing, it is the progressive or continuous aspect. That means the event is incomplete or temporary.
  • 29
  • We are listening to the podcast.
  • 30
  • She was studying at the library.
  • 31
  • Gerunds also have an -ing ending, but they do not act like verbs. A gerund is a noun. This means it can be the subject or object of a sentence. For example:
  • 32
  • Listening to music is my favorite hobby.
  • 33
  • She loves running.
  • 34
  • Participles have an -ing ending, too. They also do not act as verbs. A participle is an adjective. We usually use a participle when we are describing an experience that makes us feel certain emotions. For example:
  • 35
  • Her answer was surprising.
  • 36
  • In this sentence, the participle "surprising" describes how you feel about "her answer."
  • 37
  • Some other words that are often used as participles are amazing, boring, calming, exciting, and worrying.
  • 38
  • Please let us know if this explanation has helped you, Sidra.
  • 39
  • Do you have a question about American English? Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com.
  • 40
  • And that's Ask a Teacher.
  • 41
  • I'm Gena Bennett.
  • 42
  • Gena Bennett wrote this lesson for VOA Learning English.
  • 43
  • _______________________________________________
  • 44
  • Words in This Story
  • 45
  • a bit-adv. a little, a small amount
  • 46
  • extent-n. the size or amount of something; how much it covers